Byte & Throughput Converter
Convert between data storage units and network transfer speeds, and calculate estimated transfer times.
Unit Converter
Transfer Time Calculator
- Estimated Time
- 0 seconds
Common Transfer Speeds
Note: "Theoretical Speed" is the maximum speed in ideal lab conditions. "Average Real-World Speed" is a more practical estimate, accounting for protocol overhead, interference, and hardware limitations.
| Technology | Theoretical Speed | Average Real-World Speed |
|---|---|---|
| USB 2.0 | 480 Mbps | ~280 Mbps |
| USB 3.0 (Gen 1) | 5 Gbps | ~3.2 Gbps |
| USB 3.1 (Gen 2) | 10 Gbps | ~7.2 Gbps |
| USB 3.2 (2x2) | 20 Gbps | ~14 Gbps |
| USB4 / Thunderbolt 4 | 40 Gbps | ~22 Gbps |
| SATA III | 6 Gbps | ~4.8 Gbps |
| NVMe (PCIe 3.0) | 32 Gbps | ~20 Gbps |
| NVMe (PCIe 4.0) | 64 Gbps | ~45 Gbps |
| Ethernet | 1 Gbps | ~940 Mbps |
| Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac) | 1.3 Gbps | ~200-500 Mbps |
| Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) | 2.4 Gbps | ~500-900 Mbps |
| 4G LTE | 100 Mbps | ~10-30 Mbps |
| 5G | 10 Gbps | ~150-400 Mbps |
FAQ
What's the difference between a bit and a byte?
A bit is the smallest unit of data (a 0 or 1). A byte is a group of 8 bits. Network speeds are measured in bits per second (bps), while file sizes are measured in bytes (B).
What's the difference between MiB and MB?
MiB (Mebibyte) is a base-2 (binary) unit, where 1 MiB = 1024 KiB. This is how operating systems typically measure file size. MB (Megabyte) is a base-10 (decimal) unit, where 1 MB = 1000 KB. This is often used by storage manufacturers to advertise capacity, which can be confusing.